This is the chapter on ruby and sapphire from India (including Kashmir sapphire) from Richard Hughes' 1997 book, Ruby & Sapphire.

Inclusions are among the most important features for identifying ruby and sapphire. This is the chapter on ruby and sapphire inclusions from Richard H...

The chapter on ruby and sapphire from Burma (Myanmar) from Richard Hughes' 1997 book, Ruby & Sapphire.

Sample sidebar from Ruby & Sapphire (1997) by Richard W. Hughes

Part 2 of Chapter 10  from Richard Hughes' 1997 book, Ruby & Sapphire. It covers record-setting rubies, sapphires and spinels.

In 1996, several gemologists set off for Burma's remote jade mines, the first visit by foreigners since the early 1960's. This is the story of their e...

The author makes his first pilgrimage to Burma's Mogok Stone Tract, home of the pigeon's blood ruby.

A brief history of Burmese (Myanmar) sapphires, along with details of some of the major pieces of yore.

A brief history of the heat treatment of ruby & sapphire, from ancient times to the modern era.

This article discussed the ruby and spinel mines of Afghanistan/Tajikistan, in an attempt to shed light on one of the great gemological enigmas.